Stochastic Decision Horizons for Constrained Reinforcement Learning
Poster C: Tuesday -- 11:00 - 12:30
Nikola Milosevic, Leonard T. Franz, Daniel Haeufle, Georg Martius, Nico Scherf, Pavel Kolev
Keywords: Constrained Reinforcement Learning, Humanoid Locomotion, Control as Inference
We propose stochastic decision horizons (SDH), a theoretically grounded framework for solving constrained RL problems with every-step constraint satisfaction, a desirable property in many real-world applications.
This is a different objective than the typical constrained MDP (CMDP) which has cumulative violation budget.
In SDH, a constraint violation yields an effective shortening of horizon via a state-action continuation probability.
Using Control as Inference, we develop the first off-policy and regularized algorithms for RL with instantaneous constraints.
We identify two principled semantics for what counts as a decision after a violation.
Absorbing-state semantics end the decision process, so only surviving decisions pay entropy cost, yielding max-entropy AS-SAC.
Virtual-termination keeps the decision process alive while stopping reward credit, yielding KL-regularized VT-MPO.
To connect SDH with CMDPs, we track how violations accumulate along trajectories (their \emph{violation-depth profile}).
SDH effectively weights each trajectory by the exponential of its total violation; this matches an additive CMDP budget exactly when violations occur at a single characteristic scale, and we pinpoint where it cannot: when rare, deep violations mix with frequent, shallow ones.
Experiments validate the theory.
On the 90-muscle H2190 humanoid (Hyfydy), VT-MPO matches state-of-the-art gait realism with 4x fewer environment steps and substantially more stable training.
On Safety Gymnasium, violation-depth profiles correctly identify the regimes in which SDH delivers strong reward-violation trade-offs.